Space closure with extensive tooth movement is clearly a risk factor for EARR. However, the amount of EARR attributed to space closure and the total EARR were not considered clinically significant. Space closure through extensive tooth movement in the mandible was identified as a risk factor for EARR. The mean total EARR in each tooth type did not exceed 1 mm. On the contrary, there was a statistically significant difference between mesialized and nonmezialized molars (0.73 mm 95% confidence interval, 0.19-1.27). Multivariate analysis of covariance resulted in no difference in EARR between the canines and premolars of the space closure and control sides. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed strong to almost perfect agreement (mean, 0.80 mm 95% CI, 0.75-0.85) of the two examiners. Distortion exceeded 5% only in cases of large positioning errors (>20°). The mean enlargement factor of the panoramic machine was 29% ± 0.3%. Multivariate analysis of covariance and pairwise comparisons were performed. Measurements were performed by 2 examiners independently and were corrected for distortion and magnification of radiographs, which were assessed in a pilot study. EARR was measured at the mandibular permanent canines, first premolars, and first molars in the pretreatment and posttreatment orthopantomograms. Space closure (approximately 10 mm) was performed using skeletal anchorage. MethodsĪfter application of eligibility criteria, 25 retrospectively selected subjects (median age, 14.9 years range, 12.0-31.9 years) were analyzed. The contralateral side served as the control. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of external apical root resorption (EARR) in mesialized mandibular molars due to space closure in patients with unilateral second premolar agenesis.
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